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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Monitoring Acupuncture Effects on Human Brain by fMRI
09:55

Monitoring Acupuncture Effects on Human Brain by fMRI

Published on: April 8, 2010

Carryover effects alter FMRI statistical analysis in an acupuncture study.

Tsung-Jung Ho1, Jeng-Ren Duann, Chun-Ming Chen

  • 1Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine
|February 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Carryover effects in functional MRI (fMRI) can skew results. Analyzing early fMRI data is crucial for accurate brain activity mapping, especially with strong stimulation effects like acupuncture.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Physiology
  • Medical Acupuncture

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) relies on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrasts for statistical analysis.
  • Carryover effects from previous stimuli can significantly contaminate BOLD contrasts in fMRI experiments.
  • Acupuncture stimulation, known for its physiological effects, may induce substantial carryover, potentially impacting fMRI results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of carryover effects on BOLD contrasts in fMRI studies.
  • To determine the reliability of fMRI data analysis when carryover effects are present, particularly with acupuncture stimulation.
  • To compare the influence of carryover effects between acupuncture and tactile stimulation in fMRI.

Main Methods:

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Monitoring Acupuncture Effects on Human Brain by fMRI
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Published on: April 8, 2010

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  • An fMRI experiment was designed with acupuncture stimulation on the ST42 acupoint and tactile stimulation on the skin surface.
  • Data were acquired across multiple two-block runs, each comprising an OFF period followed by stimulation (acupuncture or tactile).
  • The General Linear Model (GLM) method was employed to analyze different portions of the fMRI data, assessing BOLD contrasts and time courses.

    • Main Results:

    • Analyses of different portions of acupuncture fMRI data yielded significantly different results, indicating carryover effects.
    • Statistical parametric maps from the initial fMRI trial showed the broadest coverage of active brain areas.
    • BOLD model time course best explained the raw time course at peak active voxels (R² = 0.88) in the initial trial, with less accuracy in later portions.
    • Tactile stimulation runs showed more consistent results across analyses, suggesting less pronounced carryover effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Strong carryover effects in fMRI, particularly from acupuncture, can significantly alter BOLD contrasts.
    • Analyzing only the initial fMRI trials is recommended to capture the broadest range of task-related brain activity.
    • For fMRI experiments with substantial carryover effects, a single-block design with multiple, sufficiently spaced repetitions is more suitable for accurate BOLD effect extraction.