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Updated: Jul 7, 2026
Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Published on: October 14, 2016
Proximal coronary hemodynamic changes evaluated by intracardiac echocardiography during myocardial ischemia and
1Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
Insights
Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measured by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) decreases during ischemia and reperfusion but does not predict myocardial infarct size or microvascular impairment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Echocardiography
- Myocardial Infarction
Background:
- Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a significant clinical challenge.
- Assessing coronary flow dynamics is crucial for understanding myocardial damage.
- Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) offers high-resolution imaging of coronary arteries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the relationship between dynamic changes in coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measured by ICE and myocardial perfusion status.
- To determine if CFVR changes correlate with infarct size in a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Main Methods:
- A canine model of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation for 2 hours followed by 2 hours of reperfusion was used (n=14).
- Coronary flow velocity and CFVR were measured by ICE at baseline, occlusion, and reperfusion.
- Myocardial perfusion was assessed using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), and infarct size was quantified by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.
Main Results:
- CFVR significantly decreased in both LAD and left circumflex (LCx) arteries during occlusion and did not recover post-reperfusion.
- No significant differences in flow parameters were found between dogs with and without myocardial perfusion defects.
- CFVR in the LAD at reperfusion showed no significant correlation with infarct size (r = -0.182, P = NS).
Conclusions:
- Decreased CFVR detected by ICE occurs in both ischemic and non-ischemic proximal coronary arteries during ischemia and early reperfusion.
- Changes in CFVR measured by ICE have a poor correlation with the extent of microvascular impairment.
- CFVR measurements by ICE in this model cannot reliably predict myocardial infarct size.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the dynamic changes in coronary flow velocity and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) within proximal coronary arteries are related to myocardial perfusion status and infarct size in a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model.
Methods:
In 14 dogs, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 2 hours followed by 2 hours reperfusion. Coronary flow velocity was obtained by ICE within coronary arteries at baseline, and at the end of both occlusion and reperfusion period. The CFVR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to resting peak diastolic velocity (PDV). Myocardial perfusion was evaluated by real time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). The infarct area was detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and expressed as the percentage of the whole left ventricular (LV) area.
Results:
CFVR significantly decreased both in proximal LAD and left circumflex (LCx) artery at the end of occlusion, and did not recover at the end of reperfusion. However, no significant difference in flow parameters was observed between dogs with myocardial perfusion defect and those without. CFVR in LAD at the end of reperfusion did not correlate with the infarct size (r =-0.182, P = NS) either.
Conclusions:
Decreased CFVR detected by ICE occurs both in ischemic and in nonischemic proximal arteries during myocardial ischemia and early stage of reperfusion. This change in CFVR has poor correlation with the extent of microvascular impairment and cannot be used to predict infarct size.
