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Mitochondrial DNA variation in Karkar Islanders.

F X Ricaut1, T Thomas, C Arganini

  • 1Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, The Henry Wellcome Building, Fitzwilliam Street, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom. fx.ricaut@infonie.fr

Annals of Human Genetics
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Karkar Islanders exhibit high genetic diversity and uniqueness, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages linked to both ancient Melanesian settlers and Austronesian migrations. Language and mtDNA variation show weak association, suggesting complex population history.

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Area of Science:

  • Human evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Anthropological genetics

Background:

  • The Karkar Islanders, belonging to the Waskia Papuan language group, represent a unique population in Papua New Guinea.
  • Understanding their genetic origins and evolutionary history is crucial for regional population studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the maternal genetic lineage of Karkar Islanders by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  • To compare Karkar mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups with neighboring East Asian and Oceanic populations to infer population movements and relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 375 base pairs (bp) of the first hypervariable region (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region.
  • Examination of the intergenic COII/tRNALys 9-bp deletion in 47 Karkar Islanders.
  • Phylogeographic analysis comparing Karkar mtDNA with regional populations.

Main Results:

  • Karkar mtDNA lineages clustered into three groups: ancient Melanesian settlers, recent Austronesian arrivals, and unique Karkar lineages with Austronesian and Melanesian roots.
  • mtDNA haplogroups F1a1, M7b1, and E1a, indicative of Austronesian movements, were found in Karkar Islanders but not in other New Guinea-Island Melanesian populations.
  • A weak association was observed between language and mtDNA variation.

Conclusions:

  • Karkar Islanders possess significant genetic uniqueness and diversity, reflecting a complex history of migration and interaction.
  • The presence of specific Austronesian-associated mtDNA haplogroups suggests retention of genetic signatures from past population movements.
  • A model involving successive depopulation, repopulation, and expansion events, influenced by structured interactions, may explain the observed mtDNA variability.