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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Getting to Compliance in Forced Exercise in Rodents: A Critical Standard to Evaluate Exercise Impact in Aging-related Disorders and Disease

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Contrasting gender differences on two measures of exercise dependence.

M Weik¹, B D Hale

¹Penn State University, Berks, Tulephocken Road, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610, USA.

British Journal of Sports Medicine

|March 1, 2008

Summary

Men and women exhibit different patterns of exercise dependence, with men scoring higher on the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and women on the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ). These findings suggest the scales measure distinct aspects of exercise dependence.

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Area of Science:

Exercise and Sport Psychology
Behavioral Psychology
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Conflicting findings exist regarding sex differences in exercise dependence.
Previous research has yielded contradictory results, with some studies indicating higher exercise dependence in men and others in women.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate potential sex differences in exercise dependence.
To determine if the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ) measure different dimensions of exercise dependence.

Main Methods:

102 male and 102 female regular exercisers completed the EDS-R, EDQ, and Drive for Thinness (DFT) subscale.
Participants were recruited from a health club in the eastern USA.
Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and t tests.

Main Results:

Men scored significantly higher than women on the EDS-R subscales measuring Withdrawal, Continuance, Tolerance, Lack of Control, Time, and Intention Effect.
Women scored significantly higher than men on the EDQ subscales measuring Interference, Positive Rewards, Withdrawal, and Social Reasons.
Men had higher total EDS-R scores, while women had higher EDQ and DFT scores.

Conclusions:

The EDS-R and EDQ appear to measure different facets of exercise dependence, with each scale favoring one gender.
Further research is needed to ascertain the equal viability of these instruments for measuring exercise dependence in both sexes.