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Related Concept Videos

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Graphite whiskers in CV3 meteorites.

Marc Fries1, Andrew Steele

  • 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA. Marc.D.Fries@jpl.nasa.gov

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Graphite whiskers (GWs), a carbon allotrope, were found in meteorites, suggesting they may exist in space. These findings impact our understanding of early solar system materials and astronomical observations.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmochemistry
  • Astrobiology
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Graphite whiskers (GWs) are a proposed carbon allotrope in space.
  • Their presence in meteorites could offer insights into early solar system conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and origin of graphite whiskers in meteorites.
  • To assess the potential astronomical implications of graphite whiskers.

Main Methods:

  • Raman imaging
  • Electron microscopy
  • Analysis of CV-type carbonaceous chondrites

Main Results:

  • Graphite whiskers discovered in three CV-type carbonaceous chondrites.
  • GWs are associated with high-temperature calcium-aluminum inclusions (CAIs) and unusual chondrules.

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Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
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Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
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Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
09:13

Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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  • Condensation of GWs likely occurred early in the solar system's history.

    • Conclusions:

    • Graphite whiskers may be expelled from young solar systems into interstellar space.
    • GWs could influence astronomical observations, including supernovae dimming and cosmic background thermalization.