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Related Experiment Videos

Supersolidity.

M H W Chan1

  • 1Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. chan@phys.psu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid helium-4 exhibits nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) due to disorder. Helium-3 impurities are crucial for superfluidity by pinning and stiffening the dislocation network, enabling NCRI.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Fluids

Background:

  • Nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) in solid helium-4, observed in 2004, spurred renewed research.
  • Disorder in solid helium is increasingly recognized as critical for superfluidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of helium-3 impurities in the onset of superfluidity in solid helium-4.
  • To explore the relationship between shear modulus and NCRI in solid helium-4.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized torsional oscillator experiments to measure NCRI.
  • Analyzed the temperature and helium-3 concentration dependence of shear modulus.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant increase in shear modulus correlating with NCRI.

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  • Demonstrated that helium-3 impurity concentration dependence of shear modulus matches that of NCRI.

    • Conclusions:

    • Helium-3 impurities are essential for superfluidity in solid helium-4.
    • Pinning and stiffening of the dislocation network by helium-3 are required for the onset of superfluidity and NCRI.