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Related Experiment Videos

Declining mortality and improving survival from Wilms' tumor.

R B Everson, J F Fraumeni

    Medical and Pediatric Oncology
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Kidney cancer mortality in U.S. children significantly decreased from 1940-1969, linked to survival improvements. These gains, seen across all disease stages, suggest therapeutic advances, not just earlier detection, drove the positive trend.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Epidemiology
    • Pediatric Medicine

    Background:

    • Kidney cancer historically presented a significant mortality challenge in the United States.
    • Understanding trends in pediatric kidney cancer survival is crucial for public health initiatives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze trends in kidney cancer mortality and survival rates among U.S. children between 1940 and 1969.
    • To investigate the potential causes of observed survival improvements, distinguishing between therapeutic advances and earlier detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of mortality data for kidney cancer in the United States.
    • Examination of survival data for 644 pediatric patients reported to the End Results Group, National Cancer Institute.
    • Comparison of incidence, mortality, and survival trends over the study period.

    Main Results:

    • A dramatic decline in kidney cancer mortality was observed in U.S. children from 1940-1969.
    • Survival rates for pediatric kidney cancer patients showed significant improvement, correlating with mortality declines.
    • Survival gains were evident across all disease stages, suggesting therapeutic progress was the primary driver.
    • Incidence trends remained stable, but a shift towards a female preponderance was noted, mirroring mortality statistics.

    Conclusions:

    • Therapeutic advancements, rather than solely earlier detection, were likely responsible for improved pediatric kidney cancer survival.
    • Observed sex differences in mortality trends may indicate underlying etiological factors contributing to kidney cancer in children.
    • Continued research into sex-based differences in kidney cancer etiology is warranted.

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