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Related Concept Videos

Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Electrodes: Overview01:17

Electrodes: Overview

Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in the...
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes
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Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Published on: June 30, 2019

Surface characterization of platinum electrodes.

José Solla-Gullón1, Paramaconi Rodríguez, Enrique Herrero

  • 1Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies surface sites on platinum using voltammetry and specific adatoms. Bismuth, tellurium, and germanium probes help identify (111) and (100) domains for detailed surface analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Characterization

Background:

  • Quantitative analysis of platinum surface sites is crucial for understanding catalytic and electrochemical properties.
  • Distinguishing between different crystallographic domains ((111) and (100)) on platinum surfaces is challenging using standard voltammetric data alone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for the quantitative analysis of distinct surface sites on platinum samples using only voltammetric data.
  • To independently determine the fraction of two-dimensional (111) and (100) domains on platinum surfaces.
  • To apply this surface-site distribution analysis to nanocrystalline platinum electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing specific site-probe reactions with irreversibly-adsorbed bismuth, tellurium, and germanium adatoms.
  • Employing voltammetric data from platinum basal planes and stepped surfaces to create calibration plots.
  • Performing deconvolution of voltammetric profiles after subtracting the contribution of (111) domains to evaluate (100) domains.

Main Results:

  • Bismuth and tellurium adatoms are sensitive probes for (111) terrace domains of varying widths.
  • Germanium adatoms effectively characterize sites within (100) ordered domains.
  • A method for deconvolution allows for the separation and quantification of (100)-related adsorption states in polycrystalline platinum.

Conclusions:

  • Voltammetric data, combined with specific adatom probes, enables quantitative analysis of surface site distribution on platinum.
  • The developed protocol allows for the independent evaluation of (111) and (100) domains, applicable to both bulk and nanocrystalline platinum.
  • This approach provides a pathway to better understand and control the surface properties of platinum-based materials.