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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

[Trends in osteoporosis].

B Uebelhart¹, R Rizzoli

¹Service des maladies osseuses, Centre collaborateur de l'OMS pour la prévention de l'ostéoporose Département de réhabilitation et gériatrie, HUG, 1211 Genève. Brigitte.Uebelhart@hcuge.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse

|March 4, 2008

Summary

New osteoporosis treatments include monoclonal antibodies targeting cathepsin-K, Rank-ligand, or sclerostin. Current options like zoledronate and risedronate offer fracture risk reduction, with rare side effects like osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Area of Science:

Bone biology and osteoporosis research.
Pharmacological interventions for bone diseases.

Context:

Osteoporosis management involves various therapeutic agents.
Bisphosphonates (zoledronate, risedronate) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene, basedoxifene) are established treatments.
Emerging biologic therapies offer new avenues for osteoporosis treatment.

Purpose:

To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
To discuss the efficacy and safety of various osteoporosis medications.
To highlight the need for improved patient adherence to osteoporosis treatment.

Summary:

Monoclonal antibodies targeting cathepsin-K, Rank-ligand, or sclerostin represent future osteoporosis therapies.
Zoledronate and risedronate demonstrate significant fracture risk reduction with favorable safety profiles, including low rates of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Basedoxifene shows efficacy in reducing vertebral fractures, similar to raloxifene.

Impact:

Provides an overview of current and novel osteoporosis treatments.
Informs clinicians about the efficacy, safety, and administration of osteoporosis medications.
Emphasizes the critical need for strategies to enhance patient treatment adherence in osteoporosis management.