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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds
02:49

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

Published on: February 23, 2024

Age differences in inflammatory and hypermetabolic postburn responses.

Marc G Jeschke1, William B Norbury, Celeste C Finnerty

  • 1Galveston Burns Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St, Galveston, TX 77550, USA. majeschk@utmb.edu

Pediatrics
|March 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young children with severe burns face higher mortality due to impaired cardiac function, not hypermetabolism. This study highlights cardiac work as a key factor in pediatric burn patient outcomes.

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Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment
07:45

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment

Published on: November 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care
  • Burn injury research
  • Cardiovascular physiology

Background:

  • Severe burns in children <4 years old are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the specific contributors to poor outcomes in this age group is crucial for improving treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in severely burned pediatric patients younger than 4 years.
  • To compare physiological responses, including metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiac parameters, across different pediatric age groups following severe burns.

Main Methods:

  • 188 severely burned pediatric patients were stratified into three age groups: 0-3.9 years, 4-9.9 years, and 10-18 years.
  • Measurements included resting energy expenditure, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), liver size and cardiac function (ultrasonography), and inflammatory markers, hormones, and acute-phase proteins.

Main Results:

  • Resting energy expenditure was lowest in the 0-3.9 year group. This group maintained lean body mass and weight, unlike older children who lost both.
  • While inflammatory markers were similar across groups, the youngest group showed decreased acute-phase proteins and cortisol.
  • The 0-3.9 year group exhibited increased cardiac work and impaired cardiac function compared to older pediatric burn patients.

Conclusions:

  • Increased mortality in young pediatric burn patients is linked to elevated cardiac work and compromised cardiac function.
  • Neither hypermetabolic nor inflammatory responses were identified as primary drivers of mortality in this severely burned pediatric cohort.