Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
04:36
An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
Published on: January 12, 2024
[Clinically significant diabetic macular edema: systemic risk factors]
V M Asensio-Sánchez1, V Gómez-Ramírez, I Morales-Gómez
1Hospital General, Medina del Campo, Valladolid, Spain. vasensio@hmdc.sacyl.es
Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|March 4, 2008
Summary
Long-standing diabetes increases the risk of diabetic maculopathy. Key risk factors include older age, high HgbA1c, hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
Context:
- Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) is a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
- Non-ophthalmic parameters are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to CSME development.
Purpose:
- To investigate the association between non-ophthalmic parameters and the risk of developing CSME.
- To identify specific risk factors that predict CSME in individuals with diabetes.
Summary:
- A review of 208 eyes with CSME identified significant risk factors including older age, elevated HgbA1c, hypertension, high cholesterol (total and LDL), tobacco smoking, and indicators of renal dysfunction (proteinuria, microalbuminuria).
- Patients with a long history of diabetes are at high risk for diabetic maculopathy, with hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, smoking, and renal status being closely related contributing factors.
Impact:
- This study highlights the multifactorial nature of diabetic maculopathy, emphasizing the need for comprehensive management of systemic health in diabetic patients.
- Identifying and managing these non-ophthalmic risk factors can potentially mitigate the progression of diabetic eye disease and preserve vision.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
01:22Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...