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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone

Published on: September 9, 2020

Tumor-induced osteomalacia: lessons learned.

E Michael Lewiecki¹, Edward J Urig, Ralph C Williams

¹New Mexico Clinical Research and Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. lewiecki@aol.com

Arthritis and Rheumatism

|March 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia, a rare disorder, causes bone pain and weakness due to low phosphate and active vitamin D. Early diagnosis and surgical removal of the causative tumor are crucial for treatment.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Bone Disease
Oncology

Background:

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare acquired metabolic bone disorder.
It is characterized by hypophosphatemia and low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels.
Symptoms include bone pain, muscle weakness, and increased fracture risk.

Observation:

Diagnosis is often delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and challenges in tumor identification.
Tumors express fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).
FGF23 inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D activation.

Findings:

Metabolic abnormalities can be improved with phosphate and calcitriol supplementation.
Surgical resection of the causative tumor is essential for definitive treatment.
FGF23 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of TIO.

Implications:

Highlights the importance of suspecting TIO in patients with unexplained hypophosphatemia and bone disease.
Emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostic workup, including FGF23 assessment and imaging for tumor localization.
Underscores the curative potential of prompt surgical intervention.