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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Plasma D-dimer concentration in sick newborn foals.

L Armengou1, L Monreal, I Tarancón

  • 1Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|March 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Increased plasma d-dimer concentration in foals is linked to septicemia diagnosis and mortality risk. A normal d-dimer level is more effective at ruling out sepsis than an elevated level is at confirming it.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Neonatal Foal Health
  • Coagulation Disorders

Background:

  • Septicemia in foals involves systemic inflammation, hemostatic activation, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC).
  • Elevated plasma d-dimer concentrations are observed in septic neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma d-dimer concentration in septic foals.
  • To determine the association between d-dimer levels and sepsis or DIC in neonatal foals.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational clinical study involving 40 septic foals, 41 nonseptic foals, and 22 healthy neonates.
  • Blood samples were collected on admission, at 24-48 hours, and at discharge/euthanasia.
  • Plasma d-dimer concentration, clotting times, antithrombin activity, and fibrinogen were measured.

Main Results:

  • Septic foals had significantly higher d-dimer concentrations on admission compared to nonseptic and healthy groups.
  • A d-dimer cut-off value > 2000 ng/mL at 24-48 hours was associated with septicemia diagnosis (OR=19.6) and death (OR=8.7).
  • A normal d-dimer level was more effective at excluding sepsis than an elevated level was at predicting it, with a 71% false-positive rate for prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Septic foals exhibit significant activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, with a high prevalence of DIC.
  • Increased plasma d-dimer concentration is significantly associated with the diagnosis of septicemia in foals.
  • While DIC was prevalent, d-dimer levels were not significantly associated with its diagnosis.