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Genetic Drift

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

Limits to Natural Selection

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.

Conservation of Declining Populations

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

Hybrid Zones

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques

At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques

Published on: February 11, 2020

Leveraging natural diversity: back through the bottleneck.

M J Kovach¹, S R McCouch

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 162 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

|March 4, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Wild rice relatives can improve cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) through genetic crosses. A phylogenetic approach helps identify the best wild rice combinations for breeding superior crop varieties.

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Area of Science:

Plant breeding
Genetics
Crop improvement

Background:

Wild ancestors of domesticated crops contain valuable genetic variation.
Crossing elite rice cultivars with wild accessions can yield superior offspring.
Wild alleles can enhance performance within an elite genetic background.

Purpose of the Study:

To recommend a phylogenetic approach for identifying useful wild rice germplasm for breeding.
To enhance the prediction of efficient strategies for utilizing wild germplasm in rice improvement.

Main Methods:

Utilizing genetic variation from wild rice ancestors.
Employing a phylogenetic approach to assess interspecific combinations.
Analyzing genetic diversity partitioning within and between cultivated and wild Oryza gene pools.

Main Results:

Wild germplasm's breeding value is not evident from wild accession performance alone.
Phylogenetic analysis guides the selection of promising interspecific crosses.
Understanding genetic diversity enhances prediction of breeding strategies.

Conclusions:

A phylogenetic approach is crucial for effective utilization of wild rice germplasm.
Interspecific crosses offer a pathway to superior rice varieties.
Continued research into Oryza genetic diversity will refine breeding strategies.