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Related Concept Videos

Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
09:15

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens

Published on: May 23, 2014

Defining the proliferative phase endometrial defect.

Jason G Bromer1, Tamir S Aldad, Hugh S Taylor

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Fertility and Sterility
|March 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Endometrial development in infertility patients follows a predictable pattern, plateauing around cycle day 9. Specific infertility diagnoses show a proliferative phase defect, impacting endometrial thickness.

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Published on: December 21, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology and infertility research.
  • Gynecological imaging and diagnostics.

Background:

  • Understanding endometrial development is crucial for successful conception.
  • Infertility affects a significant population, necessitating detailed study of reproductive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate proliferative phase endometrial development in a diverse group of infertility patients.
  • To identify patterns and potential defects in endometrial growth related to infertility causes and treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 246 treatment cycles in a university-based infertility practice.
  • Ovarian stimulation using clomiphene citrate or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), followed by intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  • Endometrial thickness measured via transvaginal ultrasonography; clinical pregnancy rate as a key outcome.

Main Results:

  • Endometrial thickness increased linearly from cycle day 4, reaching a plateau of approximately 10 mm by cycle day 9.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated cycles resulted in significantly thicker endometria (10.1 mm) compared to clomiphene citrate cycles (8.3 mm).
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and recurrent pregnancy loss were associated with significantly lower peak endometrial thickness compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Endometrial development exhibits a consistent pattern with a growth plateau around cycle day 9.
  • Infertility-associated conditions demonstrate a clinically recognizable defect in the proliferative phase of endometrial development.