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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Oogenesis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

[Embryonal germ cells and germ cell tumors].

K Biermann¹, L C Heukamp, D Nettersheim

¹Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.

Verhandlungen Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur Pathologie

|March 5, 2008

Summary

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are adult embryonic cancers originating from primordial germ cells. These tumors share characteristics with embryonic stem cells, including pluripotency markers and genetic alterations.

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Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

Published on: November 7, 2011

Area of Science:

Oncology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Context:

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a group of pluripotent tumors, including seminomas and nonseminomas.
These tumors arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia and originate from primordial germ cells/gonocytes.

Purpose:

To explore the relationship between testicular germ cell tumors and embryonic stem cells.
To identify shared markers and genetic characteristics.

Summary:

TGCTs express embryonic stem cell markers like CD9, PODXL, and CENPA.
Pluripotency genes OCT3/4 and NANOG are upregulated in both seminomas and non-seminomas, while SOX2 is specific to embryonal carcinomas.
TGCTs exhibit genetic similarities to embryonic stem cells, including chromosome 12 alterations and sensitivity to DNA damage, suggesting they are embryonic cancers in adults.

Impact:

Understanding TGCTs as embryonic cancers provides insights into their origin and behavior.
Shared characteristics with embryonic stem cells may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
The findings contribute to the classification and understanding of TGCTs.