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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

New developments in multicusp H(-) ion sources for high energy accelerators.

J Peters1

  • 1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study details multicusp negative hydrogen (H-) sources, covering design choices for key components like the discharge chamber and extraction region. It compares heating methods and electron dumping techniques, offering insights into H- source development.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Particle Accelerators
  • Ion Source Technology

Background:

  • Multicusp ion sources are critical for generating negative hydrogen (H-) beams.
  • Understanding the fundamental elements is key to optimizing H- source performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a functional description of multicusp H- sources.
  • To compare design choices for the discharge chamber, extraction plasma region, and electron dumping.
  • To review the development and current status of H- sources.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed functional description of multicusp H- source components.
  • Comparison of radio-frequency (rf) and filament heating methods.
  • Analysis of filter field arrangements and collars in the extraction region.
  • Discussion of electron dumping techniques.

Main Results:

  • Design options for discharge chamber heating (rf vs. filament) are presented.
  • Construction opportunities for the extraction plasma region are described.
  • Three distinct electron dumping methods are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive overview of multicusp H- source design and development.
  • It highlights current advancements and future considerations for H- current and emittance.
  • The 'Cs question' and its impact on H- sources are addressed.