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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

An active-optic x-ray fluorescence analyzer with high energy resolution, large solid angle coverage, and a large

Bernhard W Adams1, Klaus Attenkofer

  • 1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA. adams@aps.anl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel crystal-optic x-ray fluorescence energy analyzer offers electron-volt energy resolution and broad tunability. This active optics design uses an adjustable silicon crystal for versatile spectroscopy and imaging applications.

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is crucial for elemental analysis.
  • Existing XRF analyzers often face limitations in energy resolution, solid angle coverage, or tunability.
  • Advancements are needed for more precise and versatile XRF analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and test a new crystal-optic XRF energy analyzer.
  • To achieve high energy resolution (eV) and broad energy tunability (keV).
  • To enable flexible applications including imaging and spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • The analyzer employs active optics principles with a silicon crystal in Bragg geometry.
  • Ten actuators allow for precise adjustment of the crystal's shape.
  • The crystal shape can be optimized, e.g., a logarithmic spiral for high resolution.

Main Results:

  • The designed analyzer successfully combines eV energy resolution with large solid angle coverage.
  • Tunability over several keV has been demonstrated.
  • The system allows for adaptable crystal shaping for different analytical needs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed crystal-optic XRF energy analyzer represents a significant advancement in XRF technology.
  • Its active optics design and tunable crystal shape offer unprecedented flexibility.
  • This instrument is well-suited for demanding spectroscopic and imaging applications.