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Coccidioidomycosis.
James M Parish1, Janis E Blair
1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|March 5, 2008
Summary
Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection common in the Southwest, is a growing national concern due to travel. Early diagnosis and appropriate azole or amphotericin B treatment are key for various manifestations.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Mycology
- Public Health
Background:
- Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to the southwestern US, caused by Coccidioides fungi.
- Increased travel and population shifts are leading to cases outside endemic areas.
- The disease presents with diverse clinical manifestations, including pneumonia and meningitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the common clinical presentations of coccidioidomycosis.
- To outline diagnostic strategies for coccidioidomycosis.
- To discuss current treatment options for coccidioidomycosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of coccidioidomycosis epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Synthesis of information on serologic diagnostic methods.
- Analysis of treatment guidelines for azole and amphotericin B therapies.
Main Results:
- Coccidioidomycosis manifests as acute/chronic pneumonia, nodules, cavities, extrapulmonary disease, and meningitis.
- Serologic testing is a primary diagnostic tool.
- Treatment choice (azole vs. amphotericin B) depends on disease severity and host immunity.
Conclusions:
- Coccidioidomycosis is a significant public health issue nationally due to population movement.
- Accurate diagnosis relies on recognizing diverse clinical forms and utilizing serology.
- Tailored antifungal therapy is crucial for managing this fungal infection.
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