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Invasive plants transform the three-dimensional structure of rain forests.

Gregory P Asner1, R Flint Hughes, Peter M Vitousek

  • 1Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gpa@stanford.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
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Biological invasions by alien plant species are altering Hawaiian rainforests. Airborne remote sensing mapped how these invaders change forest structure, aiding conservation efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Biological invasions are a major driver of global environmental change.
  • Assessing the regional dynamics and impacts of invasive species is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the location and ecological impacts of five invasive plant species in Hawaiian ecosystems.
  • To identify how these invaders alter the three-dimensional (3D) structure of native rainforests.
  • To demonstrate the utility of airborne remote sensing for invasive species management.

Main Methods:

  • Deployment of an airborne remote sensing system.
  • Mapping invasive plant species distribution and impacts across 221,875 hectares of Hawaiian ecosystems.
  • Analysis of changes in the 3D structure of native rainforests.

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Main Results:

  • Four distinct ways invasive species transform rainforest 3D structure were identified.
  • Invasive trees replaced native species at various canopy levels, from ground to all levels.
  • Specific examples include lowland to montane forests and lowland forests with nitrogen-fixing trees.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse alien plant species, representing different functional types, are fundamentally altering native Hawaiian rainforest 3D structure.
  • Airborne mapping effectively identifies and tracks invasive species spread.
  • This strategy provides crucial geographic data for conservation and management of invaded ecosystems.