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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
08:04

Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins

Published on: January 26, 2019

A shuttling molecular machine with reversible brake function.

Keiji Hirose1, Yoshinobu Shiba, Kazuaki Ishibashi

  • 1Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan. hirose@chem.es.osaka-u.ac.jp

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel molecular machine that can shuttle and brake on command. This photochemical and thermal control over molecular motion offers new possibilities in nanotechnology.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
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Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular machines are crucial for nanoscale operations.
  • Controlling molecular motion is key for advanced applications.
  • Rotaxanes offer a promising platform for molecular machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a shuttling molecular machine with a reversible brake.
  • To investigate photochemical and thermal control over molecular motion.
  • To develop a prototype for advanced nanoscale devices.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a rotaxane molecular machine with specific ring and axle components.
  • Utilizing photochemical stimuli (photoirradiation) to alter macrocycle size.
  • Employing thermal stimuli (thermal ring opening) to revert macrocycle size.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a shuttling molecular machine prototype.
  • Achieved a reversible brake function by altering macrocycle size.
  • Reduced shuttling rate by over 99% (<2.5 s(-1)) via photoirradiation.
  • Restored original shuttling rate using thermal stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully designed and demonstrated a molecular machine with a reversible brake.
  • Photochemical and thermal stimuli provide precise control over molecular shuttling.
  • This work advances the development of switchable molecular devices.