Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Clinical characteristics in patients with hippocampal sclerosis with or without cortical dysplasia

Petr Marusic1, Martin Tomásek, Pavel Krsek

  • 1Neurology Department, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol Hospital, Praha, Czech Republic. petr.marusic@fnmotol.cz

Epileptic Disorders : International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape
|March 6, 2008
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis can involve dual pathology, making preoperative distinction difficult. Early childhood insults history is crucial for identifying patients with associated microscopic cortical dysplasia.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) is a distinct syndrome.
  • Extrahippocampal involvement and cortical dysplasia are common in MTLE/HS.
  • Dual pathology in MTLE/HS may impact surgical outcomes if not fully addressed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical variables in MTLE/HS patients.
  • To distinguish, preoperatively, patients with associated microscopic cortical dysplasia in the temporal pole.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 38 MTLE/HS patients.
  • Division into two groups: HS with malformation of cortical development (HS+) and isolated HS.
  • Comparison of demographic, clinical, electrographic, and seizure semiology variables.

Main Results:

  • Early childhood insults were more frequent in the isolated HS group.
  • History of early childhood CNS infection was more prevalent in the isolated HS group.
  • Absence of aura was specific to the isolated HS group; HS+ patients had earlier surgery with comparable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic dual pathology is frequent in MTLE/HS.
  • Preoperative distinction of dual pathology is challenging using noninvasive methods.
  • Detailed history of potential early childhood insults is critical for identifying dual pathology.

More Related Videos

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe06:04

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe

Published on: August 16, 2024

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse07:42

Dissection of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus from Adult Mouse

Published on: November 17, 2009

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...