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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Photon cross-correlation spectroscopy to 10-ns resolution.

G Chirico1, M Gardella

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica per la Materia, Via Celoria 16, I-20131 Milano, Italy.

Applied Optics
|March 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a low-cost photon correlation spectroscopy modification for precise measurement of rapid, small light fluctuations. The enhanced setup achieves high accuracy, enabling detailed analysis of various sample types.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Standard photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) has limitations in measuring small and fast light fluctuations.
  • Previous research by Arecchi et al. provided foundational work in this area.
  • Reproducibility and accuracy are key challenges in high-resolution PCS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost modification to a standard PCS setup.
  • To achieve measurement of small (approximately 1%) and fast (approximately 10 ns resolution) light fluctuations.
  • To validate the modified apparatus with various sample types.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of a standard photon correlation spectroscopy setup.
  • Incorporation of specific electronic and optical components for enhanced precision.
  • Testing with latex spheres, ellipsoids, and protein solutions.

Main Results:

  • The modified apparatus successfully measures small (approximately 1-5%) and fast light fluctuations.
  • Spurious correlations were minimized to less than or equal to 1% with careful electronic precautions.
  • Measurements demonstrated the capability to study fluctuations versus scattering vector and light polarization.

Conclusions:

  • The described low-cost modification offers an accessible method for high-resolution PCS.
  • The apparatus is easily reproducible and suitable for studying dynamic light scattering in diverse materials.
  • This technique advances the ability to probe nanoscale dynamics with high temporal and amplitude precision.