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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Menetrier's Disease.

Nagib Toubia1, Mitchell L Schubert

  • 1Mitchell L. Schubert, MD McGuire VAMC, Division of Gastroenterology; 111N, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249, USA. mitchell.schubert@va.gov.

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
|March 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menetrier's disease causes enlarged stomach folds and protein loss. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) shows promise for treatment, with gastrectomy as a last resort.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Menetrier's disease is a rare disorder affecting stomach oxyntic mucosa.
  • Characterized by giant folds, protein-losing gastropathy, hypoalbuminemia, increased mucus, and hypochlorhydria.
  • Pathogenesis involves transforming growth factor-alpha overproduction and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Menetrier's disease.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding EGFR pathway involvement.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Histologic examination reveals foveolar hyperplasia, cystic pit dilation, and reduced parietal/chief cells.
  • Diagnostic criteria are based on these characteristic histological changes.
  • Review of existing literature on Menetrier's disease etiology and treatment.

Main Results:

  • EGFR activation leads to downstream signaling and expansion of the proliferative compartment in oxyntic glands.
  • Potential roles for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in adults are suggested.
  • Emerging therapies targeting EGFR signaling, including somatostatin analogues and cetuximab, show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Menetrier's disease diagnosis relies on specific histological findings.
  • Investigating CMV and H. pylori infections is recommended.
  • Targeting EGFR signaling offers a promising therapeutic avenue for refractory cases, with gastrectomy as a curative option.