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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

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Published on: September 23, 2014

H9c2 cardiomyoblasts produce thyroid hormone.

Christof Meischl¹, Henk P Buermans, Thierry Hazes

¹VU University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.meischl@vumc.nl

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology

|March 7, 2008

Summary

Cardiomyocytes, the heart muscle cells, can produce thyroid hormone. This study found the necessary proteins for thyroid hormone synthesis are present in heart cells, suggesting a novel intrinsic cardiac source.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Biology
Molecular Medicine

Background:

Thyroid hormone regulates cardiovascular function and hemodynamics.
Traditionally, thyroid hormone production is attributed solely to the thyroid gland.
Evidence for extrathyroidal thyroid hormone sources has been previously suggested but not confirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and function of thyroid hormone synthesis machinery in cardiomyocytes.
To determine if cardiomyocytes can produce thyroid hormone, particularly under stress conditions like ischemia.

Main Methods:

Analysis of gene and protein expression of key thyroid hormone synthesis components (thyroglobulin, DUOX1/2, NIS, Pendrin, TPO, TSHR) in cardiomyocytes.
In vitro ischemia model to assess changes in thyroglobulin expression and iodine incorporation.
Radioactive iodine (125I) labeling to track hormone synthesis and intracellular localization within cardiomyocytes.

Main Results:

All essential proteins for thyroid hormone synthesis, including thyroglobulin, are expressed in cardiomyocytes.
Thyroglobulin expression is upregulated in cardiomyocytes under simulated ischemic conditions.
Cardiomyocytes incorporate radioactive iodine into thyroglobulin and produce intracellularly labeled thyroid hormone, especially during ischemia.

Conclusions:

Cardiomyocytes possess the complete machinery for intrinsic thyroid hormone production.
Cardiac thyroid hormone synthesis is adaptable to the cellular environment, increasing during ischemia.
This study reveals a novel, localized source of thyroid hormone within the heart.