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Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
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Predator effects on prey population dynamics in open systems.

Barbara L Peckarsky1, Billie L Kerans, Brad W Taylor

  • 1Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. blp1@cornell.edu

Oecologia
|March 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Predator-prey dynamics in streams are complex. While trout predation increased losses for one mayfly species (Baetis B), higher recruitment and faster development led to larger populations in these streams, defying simple explanations.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Animal population dynamics are influenced by mortality, species interactions, dispersal, and recruitment.
  • High-elevation streams present unique challenges due to varying predation risk and abiotic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how predation risk affects the population dynamics of two co-occurring mayfly species.
  • To evaluate alternative mechanisms explaining variations in mayfly population dynamics beyond direct predation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of natural loss rates and abundance of two mayfly species (Baetis bicaudatus and Baetis B) in streams with and without fish.
  • Statistical modeling to estimate the impact of recruitment and development rates on population size.
  • Experimental assessment of predation impacts by trout and stoneflies.

Main Results:

  • Loss rates of Baetis B were higher in streams with brook trout, yet larvae were most abundant there.
  • Trophic cascades were not supported as intermediate predator (stonefly) densities were similar in fish and fishless streams.
  • Higher recruitment and accelerated development in Baetis B populations in trout streams offset increased predation mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Predation alone does not explain population dynamics variations in either mayfly species.
  • The relative importance of predation versus non-predatory losses is species- and environment-specific.
  • Non-consumptive effects and other mortality agents contribute significantly to population dynamics.