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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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Published on: April 28, 2016

Ghrelin in pathological conditions.

Simoni A Katergari1, Athanasios Milousis, Olga Pagonopoulou

  • 1Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Endocrine Journal
|March 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, is more than a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ligand. This review explores ghrelin

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Ghrelin is a recently identified gastric hormone.
  • Initially recognized as a ligand for the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor.
  • Ghrelin's functions extend beyond Growth Hormone release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on ghrelin's role in various pathological conditions.
  • To highlight ghrelin's implications in nutrition, body composition, and growth.
  • To discuss ghrelin's involvement in organ dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on ghrelin.
  • Analysis of ghrelin's physiological and pathophysiological roles.
  • Synthesis of current available knowledge.

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

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03:05

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Published on: February 16, 2024

Main Results:

  • Ghrelin plays a significant role in regulating nutrition and body composition.
  • Ghrelin influences processes related to growth.
  • Ghrelin is implicated in heart, liver, thyroid, and kidney dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Ghrelin has diverse functions beyond its initial description.
  • Ghrelin is a key hormone in metabolic regulation and organ function.
  • Further research into ghrelin's pathological roles is warranted.