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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Genetic changes and DNA damage responses in the prostate.

Taija M Kiviharju-Af Hällström¹, Marikki Laiho

¹Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

|March 8, 2008

Summary

Genomic DNA integrity is crucial for preventing cancer. This review explores how DNA damage response defects in prostate cells contribute to prostate cancer development.

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Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis

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Published on: November 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

Genomic DNA integrity is constantly challenged by metabolic byproducts and external factors.
Cellular responses to DNA damage include cell cycle arrest, repair, apoptosis, and senescence.
Alterations in DNA damage response genes are linked to cancer susceptibility and sporadic tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of prostatic epithelial cells in prostate tumorigenesis.
To highlight molecular alterations common in prostate cancer.
To discuss DNA damage responses in human prostate cells and tissues.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on DNA damage response pathways.
Analysis of molecular changes in prostate cancer.
Examination of DNA damage responses in primary human prostate epithelial cells and tissues.

Main Results:

Prostatic epithelial cells play a significant role in prostate tumorigenesis.
Common molecular changes in prostate cancer involve DNA damage response pathways.
Evidence suggests alterations in key DNA damage checkpoint molecules in human prostate cells and tissues.

Conclusions:

Defects in DNA damage response pathways are implicated in prostate cancer.
Maintaining genomic integrity is a critical barrier against cancer development.
Further research into these pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.