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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...

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Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
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Rosiglitazone for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

James D Lewis1, Gary R Lichtenstein, Julius J Deren

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. lewisjd@mail.med.upenn.edu

Gastroenterology
|March 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, effectively treated mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) in a clinical trial. Patients receiving rosiglitazone showed significant improvements in clinical response and remission rates compared to placebo.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thiazolidinedione ligands targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARgamma) are established treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • These PPARgamma ligands have been investigated for potential novel therapeutic applications in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of rosiglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, in treating patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
  • To compare rosiglitazone's effectiveness against a placebo over a 12-week treatment period.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  • 105 patients with mild to moderate UC received either 4 mg rosiglitazone orally twice daily or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks.
  • Disease activity was assessed using the Mayo score, with clinical response as the primary endpoint.

Main Results:

  • 44% of patients on rosiglitazone achieved clinical response versus 23% on placebo (P = .04).
  • Remission rates were significantly higher with rosiglitazone (17%) compared to placebo (2%) (P = .01).
  • Clinical improvement was observed as early as 4 weeks, and quality of life improved significantly by week 8.

Conclusions:

  • Rosiglitazone demonstrated efficacy in treating mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.
  • The study supports rosiglitazone as a potential therapeutic option for UC patients.