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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Published on: October 14, 2015

The endothelin axis in cancer.

Anna Bagnato¹, Laura Rosanò

¹Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy. bagnato@ifo.it

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

|March 8, 2008

Summary

The endothelin axis (ET) plays a key role in cancer growth and metastasis. Targeting endothelin-1 receptors with antagonists offers a promising new antitumor strategy.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

The endothelin axis, including endothelins and their receptors, is increasingly recognized for its role in cancer progression.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) influences critical processes such as tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune cell infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the signaling pathways activated by the endothelin axis in various cancers.
To highlight the potential of endothelin receptor antagonists as a targeted cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating the endothelin axis in cancer.
Analysis of signaling pathways modulated by endothelin-1.
Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on endothelin receptor antagonists.

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Main Results:

Endothelin-1 is implicated in the progression of numerous cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and melanoma.
The endothelin axis regulates key cancer hallmarks like mitogenesis, survival, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Endothelin receptor antagonists show potential as antitumor agents, both as monotherapy and in combination treatments.

Conclusions:

Understanding the endothelin-1 signaling network is crucial for developing effective targeted cancer therapies.
Targeting endothelin receptors represents a novel, mechanism-based strategy for cancer treatment.
Combination therapies involving endothelin receptor antagonists may enhance antitumor efficacy.