Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Survival With Minimum Side-Effects in a Post-Op Case of Carcinoma Esophagus With Multiple Recurrences in Mediastinum Treated With Radical Re-Radiotherapy in Mediastinum-A Case Report.

Clinical case reports·2026
Same author

A response to Nasrallah et al. "Infection rates of trans-perineal versus trans-rectal prostate biopsy: A Middle Eastern tertiary center experience-Time for a change?"

Arab journal of urology·2026
Same author

A Rare Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Coracoid Process.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Correction: Utilizing quantum fingerprints in plant cells to evaluate plant productivity.

The Analyst·2025
Same author

Utilizing quantum fingerprints in plant cells to evaluate plant productivity.

The Analyst·2025
Same author

Comment on "Trends and Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery in Adolescents with BMI ≥ 50 vs < 50 kg/m<sup>2</sup>: A Retrospective Study Using the MBSAQIP Database".

Obesity surgery·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Rubisco gene expression in C4 plants.

Minesh Patel1, James O Berry

  • 1Department of Biologicial Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|March 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-transcriptional regulation controls where ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) accumulates in C4 plant leaves. This regulation ensures Rubisco is found specifically in bundle sheath cells, not mesophyll cells, impacting gene expression and development.

More Related Videos

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections
06:04

Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections

Published on: July 12, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis
14:43

Lignin Down-regulation of Zea mays via dsRNAi and Klason Lignin Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2014

Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections
06:04

Assessing Structural Traits in Triticum aestivum and Zea mays for C3 and C4 Photosynthetic Differentiation Using Free-hand and Semi-thin Sections

Published on: July 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • In C4 plants, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) is localized to bundle sheath cells, a key feature of this photosynthetic pathway.
  • Previous research indicated post-transcriptional control of Rubisco subunit genes (rbcL and RbcS) in C4 dicots like amaranth and Flaveria bidentis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of post-transcriptional control in mediating cell-type-specific gene expression of Rubisco in C4 plants.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of translational control and mRNA stability in regulating Rubisco subunit gene expression during leaf development and in response to environmental cues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression patterns for Rubisco large (rbcL) and small (RbcS) subunits in C4 plants.
  • Utilizing transgenic and transient expression studies in Flaveria bidentis to examine post-transcriptional regulation.
  • Comparing gene expression regulation between C4 dicots and monocots like maize.

Main Results:

  • Post-transcriptional control, including mRNA translation and stability, dictates the cell-specific accumulation of Rubisco in C4 leaves.
  • Translational control is crucial for early development, while mRNA stability regulates transcript levels in mature leaves.
  • The 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of RbcS mRNA are key mediators of bundle sheath cell-specific expression.

Conclusions:

  • Post-transcriptional mechanisms are essential for establishing and maintaining cell-type specificity of Rubisco expression in C4 plants.
  • These regulatory strategies may have evolved from ancestral mechanisms present in C3 species.
  • Future research focusing on mRNA-protein interactions will further unravel the complexities of C4 gene regulation.