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Divinyl ether synthesis in garlic bulbs.

Michael Stumpe1, Jan-Gerrit Carsjens, Cornelia Göbel

  • 1Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists identified a divinyl ether synthase (DES) enzyme in garlic. This enzyme metabolizes fatty acid hydroperoxides, producing divinyl ethers, and its expression is regulated by external factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Divinyl ether formation, catalyzed by divinyl ether synthases (DES), is a known process in garlic bulbs.
  • The specific enzymes and their substrate specificities in this pathway require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the cDNA encoding divinyl ether synthases (DES) from garlic.
  • To investigate the enzymatic activity, substrate specificity, and expression patterns of garlic DES.
  • To understand the role of garlic DES in divinyl ether biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • cDNA identification and cloning from garlic.
  • Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli.
  • Enzymatic assays using fatty acid hydroperoxides (9-hydroperoxy and 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid).
  • Product analysis using chromatography and isomer identification.
  • RNA blot analysis for gene expression studies.
  • Transgenic Arabidopsis expression studies.

Main Results:

  • A cDNA encoding a divinyl ether synthase (DES) enzyme from garlic was identified.
  • The recombinant garlic DES enzyme metabolized both 9-hydroperoxy and 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid to colnelenate and etheroleate, respectively.
  • The enzyme belongs to the cytochrome P450 CYP74C subfamily.
  • DES transcripts were constitutively expressed in below-ground garlic organs and induced in leaves by salicylic acid and sorbitol.
  • Garlic DES produced etheroleate predominantly in vitro, but colnelenate dominated in wounded transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating substrate-dependent product patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The identified garlic enzyme is the first characterized 9/13-divinyl ether synthase.
  • The enzyme's product profile is influenced by substrate availability.
  • Garlic DES plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of divinyl ethers in garlic, with potential implications for other plant species.