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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Spatio-Temporal In Vivo Imaging of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems using Fiberoptic Confocal Laser Microendoscopy
Published on: September 27, 2021
Vitreal penetration of oral moxifloxacin in humans
McGregor N Lott1, Jeffrey J Fuller, Heather A Hancock
1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA. mcgnlott@aol.com
Purpose:
To investigate the vitreal penetration of moxifloxacin after oral administration.
Design:
Prospective, nonrandomized clinical series.
Methods:
Twenty-four patients (mean age = 62.8 years) undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy were assigned to a dosing group: control (n = 3), which received no medication; single-dose (n = 11), which received one 400 mg oral dose of moxifloxacin 3 hours before surgery; and five-dose (n = 10), which received one 400 mg dose on each of the 4 days preceding surgery and a fifth dose 3 hours before surgery. Vitreous samples were obtained and analyzed.
Results:
Control, below quantifiable levels; single-dose, 0.572 +/- 0.239 microg/mL; and five-dose, 1.200 +/- 0.645 microg/mL.
Conclusions:
Five doses of oral moxifloxacin lead to higher intravitreal drug concentrations than single-dose administration. Both regimens, however, achieve levels that exceed the MIC90 of many bacteria implicated in postoperative endophthalmitis.
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