Factors contributing to the separation of endodontic files

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is essential for successful endodontic treatment. However, despite improvements in file design and metal alloy, intracanal file separation is still a problematic incident and can occur without any visible signs or permanent deformation. Only a few studies have reported high success rates of fractured file removal using contemporary techniques. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the clinical significance of retaining separated files within root canals. An understanding of the mechanisms of, factors contributing to, file fracture is necessary to reduce the incidence of file separation within root canals. This article reviews the factors that are of utmost importance and in light of these, preventive procedures and measures are suggested.