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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...

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Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
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Cyclic triureas--synthesis, crystal structures and properties.

Denys Meshcheryakov1, Françoise Arnaud-Neu, Volker Böhmer

  • 1Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized 24-membered macrocycles using rigid xanthene and flexible diphenyl ether units linked by urea groups. These macrocycles show potential for anion complexation, with structural and binding studies revealing key interactions.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
12:30

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework

Published on: April 9, 2018

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Host-Guest Chemistry

Background:

  • Macrocycles are crucial in supramolecular chemistry for molecular recognition.
  • Urea functionalities offer hydrogen bonding capabilities for host-guest interactions.
  • Balancing rigidity and flexibility in macrocycle design is key for tailored binding properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel 24-membered macrocycles incorporating xanthene and diphenyl ether units.
  • To investigate the anion binding properties of these macrocycles.
  • To elucidate the conformational behavior and structure-activity relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-step organic synthesis for macrocycle formation.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • 1H NMR and UV spectrophotometry for anion binding studies.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations for conformational analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized four types of 24-membered macrocycles (XXX, XXD, XDD, DDD) with good yields.
  • Isolated cyclic hexamers in two cases.
  • X-ray analysis revealed chloride anion complexation via six N-H...Cl- hydrogen bonds in a DDD macrocycle.
  • Binding constants for chloride, bromide, and acetate were measured.
  • Conformational studies indicated solvent-dependent structures influencing anion binding.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized macrocycles effectively bind anions through hydrogen bonding.
  • The balance of rigid and flexible units influences macrocycle conformation and binding affinity.
  • Solvent effects play a significant role in both receptor conformation and complexation efficiency.