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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Autoimmune Disorders

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Mild autonomic dysfunction in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a controlled study.

Fin Z J Cai1, Sue Lester, Tim Lu

  • 1Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville Road, Woodville South, 5011, Australia. fincai@yahoo.com.au

Arthritis Research & Therapy
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) exhibit mild autonomic dysfunction, evidenced by reduced heart rate variability and blood pressure changes. These autonomic disturbances correlate with specific symptom clusters, suggesting a role in the disease's clinical presentation.

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Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Autonomic Function
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands.
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction may contribute to pSS symptoms.
  • Understanding ANS function in pSS is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cardiovascular autonomic nervous system function between pSS patients and controls.
  • To correlate autonomic function findings with patient-reported symptoms.
  • To investigate the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and exocrine secretory function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS) questionnaire.
  • Recorded beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure during cardiovascular reflex tests.
  • Analyzed heart rate variability using Fourier spectral analysis and statistical methods (ANOVA).

Main Results:

  • pSS patients showed mild autonomic disturbances, including decreased heart rate and blood pressure variability, particularly during postural changes.
  • A trend indicated an association between reduced heart rate variability and a cluster of autonomic symptoms (secretomotor, orthostatic, bladder, gastroparesis, constipation).
  • This symptom cluster correlated with fatigue and reduced salivary flow.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests mild autonomic dysfunction in pSS patients, confirmed by both objective testing and subjective symptoms.
  • Autoantibodies against M3 muscarinic receptors are a potential, yet unproven, cause.
  • Further research is needed to develop diagnostic assays for these autoantibodies.