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Increase in anger symptoms after smoking cessation predicts relapse
Freda Patterson1, Kia Kerrin, E Paul Wileyto
1Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|March 11, 2008
Summary
Increased anger after quitting smoking significantly predicts relapse. Managing post-quit anger may be crucial for successful smoking cessation and preventing relapse.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Psychology
- Behavioral science
Background:
- Smokers often increase cigarette consumption when experiencing anger.
- Understanding factors influencing smoking relapse is critical for effective cessation interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if increased anger symptoms post-quitting predict relapse in smokers undergoing cessation treatment.
- To examine the relationship between changes in state anger and smoking relapse rates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the 15-item State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) to assess anger levels before and after quitting.
- Recruited smokers receiving 8-week smoking cessation treatment (nicotine patch and counseling).
- Biochemically verified smoking abstinence at 8-weeks post-quit using carbon monoxide levels.
Main Results:
- Smokers reporting increased anger from pre- to post-quit were significantly more likely to relapse (OR=1.06; CI=1.01-1.10; p=0.01).
- Increased post-quit anger was associated with nearly twice the hazard of relapse compared to those with stable or decreased anger (HR=1.98; CI: 1.32-2.96; p=0.001).
Conclusions:
- Anger may represent a significant withdrawal symptom influencing relapse liability in smokers.
- Future research should explore strategies to help smokers manage post-quit anger effectively.
- Addressing anger management could enhance smoking cessation treatment outcomes.
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