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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
09:14

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

Osteocutaneous face transplantation.

Keith E Follmar1, Alessio Baccarani, Rajesh R Das

  • 1Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteocutaneous face transplantation, including the bony maxillofacial skeleton, is a potential treatment for severe facial defects. This study details a cadaveric procedure and identifies key technical challenges for future clinical application.

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Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos
09:08

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: March 26, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
09:14

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Published on: December 30, 2025

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos
09:08

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: March 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Facial transplantation offers a potential solution for complex acquired and congenital facial deformities.
  • Osteocutaneous face transplantation, involving both bone and soft tissue, has not been previously performed or experimentally described in human cadavers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the technical feasibility of osteocutaneous face transplantation using a human cadaver model.
  • To identify and discuss the specific technical challenges associated with this complex procedure.

Main Methods:

  • A mock osteocutaneous face transplant was performed on a cadaver.
  • The procedure involved harvesting the face in a subperiosteal plane, including the Le Fort III osseous segment.
  • The allograft was secured using rigid internal fixation and soft tissue approximation.

Main Results:

  • The osteocutaneous face transplant procedure was found to be technically feasible.
  • Ten specific technical challenges were identified, including bony segment customization, innervation, ocular movements, dentition, function (mastication, speech, swallowing), airway, vascular and immunologic considerations, and identity issues.

Conclusions:

  • Osteocutaneous face transplantation presents unique technical challenges beyond standard facial allotransplantation.
  • Further advances in immunomodulatory therapy are necessary before this procedure can be widely applied.
  • This technique holds potential for significant patient benefit in cases of severe facial defects with substantial bony components, offering an alternative to autologous reconstruction.