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Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
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Ethics in Research

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.

Frictional Forces on Flat Belts

Frictional Forces on Flat Belts

Flat belts are commonly used in various industrial applications for transmitting power from one pulley to another. When a flat belt is wrapped around a set of pulleys, it experiences different tensions at the driving pulley ends due to the friction between the belt and pulley surface. When the pulley moves in a counterclockwise direction, the tension T2 on the opposite side of the pulley where the belt is moving away from is higher than the tension T1 on the side where the belt is moving...

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Schemas

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Why Turks do not use seat belts? An interview study.

Ozlem Simşekoğlu¹, Timo Lajunen

¹Human Factors and Safety Behavior Group, Department of Psychology, PO Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 20 D), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention

|March 11, 2008

Summary

Despite laws, seat belt use is low in Turkey. Safety concerns are the primary motivator for seat belt use, highlighting the need for campaigns focused on safety impact and habit formation.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Transportation Safety
Behavioral Science

Background:

Seat belt use is a critical safety measure, yet adoption rates remain low in Turkey despite existing legislation.
Understanding the specific motivations behind seat belt usage and non-usage is crucial for improving public health outcomes.
Previous research indicates a gap between seat belt effectiveness and actual usage patterns in various populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the primary motives influencing seat belt usage among drivers and passengers in Turkey.
To identify factors contributing to the low seat belt usage rates in different traveling conditions.
To explore the perceived benefits and drawbacks associated with seat belt use.

Main Methods:

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 221 participants from diverse age and occupational backgrounds.
Data was collected on participants' reasons for using or not using seat belts under various travel scenarios.
Statistical analysis was employed to identify the strongest predictors of seat belt use.

Main Results:

Key reasons for seat belt use included traveling conditions, perceived safety, situational factors, habit, and avoiding penalties.
Common reasons for non-usage involved situational factors, disbelief in effectiveness, discomfort, and lack of habit.
Perceived safety emerged as the most significant predictor of seat belt use, irrespective of travel risk.

Conclusions:

Seat belt campaigns in Turkey should prioritize emphasizing the safety benefits to increase usage.
Strategies aimed at fostering a habit of seat belt use are essential for long-term behavioral change.
Addressing perceptions of safety and discomfort can significantly improve seat belt adoption rates.