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Related Concept Videos

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria
09:57

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 14, 2016

Selective killing of nonreplicating mycobacteria.

Ruslana Bryk1, Benjamin Gold, Aditya Venugopal

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Host & Microbe
|March 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New drugs targeting nonreplicating bacteria, like persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are crucial. Researchers found specific rhodanines that kill these dormant bacteria, especially when combined with host immunity factors.

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A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria
09:57

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 14, 2016

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Antibiotics are generally effective against actively replicating bacteria.
  • Persistent, nonreplicating bacterial populations, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), are difficult to eradicate and pose a significant global health challenge.
  • Targeting nonreplicating bacteria is essential for treating chronic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify chemical inhibitors that selectively kill nonreplicating bacteria.
  • To find compounds that can overcome bacterial persistence and complement existing therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Screening for inhibitors of dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (DlaT), an enzyme essential for Mtb virulence and resistance to host-derived reactive nitrogen intermediates.
  • Testing identified compounds for selective killing of nonreplicating mycobacteria, particularly in synergy with host immunity factors like nitric oxide and hypoxia.
  • Evaluating compound efficacy within macrophages, a key reservoir for latent Mtb.

Main Results:

  • Select rhodanines were identified as potent inhibitors of Mtb DlaT.
  • These rhodanines demonstrated selective killing of nonreplicating mycobacteria.
  • The compounds were effective in synergy with host immunity products (nitric oxide, hypoxia) and within macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Rhodanine compounds show promise for targeting nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • These inhibitors, working in cooperation with host immunity, could offer a novel strategy to combat persistent bacterial infections.
  • This approach may complement conventional antibiotic chemotherapy for diseases like tuberculosis.