Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes-Problem Solving

Consider a crane whose telescopic boom rotates with an angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s and angular acceleration of 0.02 rad/s2. Along with the rotation, the boom also extends linearly with a uniform speed of 5 m/s. The extension of the boom is measured at point D, which is measured with respect to the fixed point C on the other end of the boom. For the given instant, the distance between points C and D is 60 meters.
Here, in order to determine the magnitude of velocity and acceleration for point...

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or revolutions, where one...

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes - Acceleration

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame. The absolute velocity of point B is determined by adding the absolute velocity of point A, the relative velocity of point B in the rotating frame, and the effects caused by the angular velocity within the rotating frame.
Time differentiation is...

Equation of Motion: Rotation About a Fixed Axis

Equation of Motion: Rotation About a Fixed Axis

Consider a flywheel, having an uneven mass distribution, rotating steadily around a fixed axis. As this rotation occurs, the center of mass of the flywheel traces a circular path. Understanding the acceleration of this center of mass requires observing both its tangential and normal components.
The tangential component is dependent on the direction of the angular acceleration of the flywheel. The tangential component of the acceleration propels the flywheel along its path. On the other hand,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Editorial: Impact of vestibular dysfunction studies on space flight health challenges.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same author

Postural stability during illusory self-motion-interactions of vision and touch.

Experimental brain research·2025

Same author

The effect of vibrotactile feedback on performance, perception and trust when balancing in different analog g-levels.

Experimental brain research·2025

Same author

Potential benefits and human systems integration of parastronauts with bilateral vestibulopathy for a space mission.

Frontiers in neurology·2025

Same author

Vestibular system: A revolution in understanding a neglected sensory system.

Current biology : CB·2025

Same author

In a visual inverted pendulum balancing task avoiding impending falls gets harder as we age.

Experimental brain research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Published on: May 2, 2021

Dynamics model for analyzing reaching movements during active and passive torso rotation.

Simone B Bortolami¹, Pascale Pigeon, Paul Dizio

¹Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA. Simborto@brandeis.edu

Experimental Brain Research

|March 12, 2008

Summary

We created a new model for analyzing natural arm movements. This model quantifies forces during reaching, considering torso motion and other factors for better understanding of muscle control.

More Related Videos

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Published on: May 2, 2021

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Science
Robotics

Background:

Natural reaching movements are complex, involving non-planar arm paths and significant torso motion.
Existing models often simplify these movements, neglecting crucial dynamic components.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an inverse dynamics model for unrestrained, natural reaching movements.
To quantify joint torques and forces during reaching, accounting for torso kinematics.

Main Methods:

Input: Kinematic data (finger, wrist, elbow, shoulder girdle, sternum).
Output: Joint torques and forces (shoulder, elbow, wrist).
Simulation capabilities for passive torso motion, linear acceleration, and mechanical perturbations.

Main Results:

The model successfully quantifies torques and forces for complex reaching.
It separates inertial forces from torso rotation and translation.
Evaluates contributions of various dynamic components (e.g., Coriolis forces).

Conclusions:

The developed model offers a comprehensive approach to analyzing forces in natural arm movements.
It aids in understanding muscle force requirements under diverse dynamic conditions.
Provides insights into controlling arm trajectory with multiple interacting forces.