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Glucose oxidase: natural occurrence, function, properties and industrial applications
Chun Ming Wong1, Kwun Hei Wong, Xiao Dong Chen
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology & Food Engineering Group, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. eric.wong@eng.monash.edu.au
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|March 12, 2008
Summary
Glucose oxidase (GOX) is an enzyme with diverse industrial uses, from food preservation to biosensors. Its catalytic properties, including heat generation, offer potential for novel applications beyond current practices.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Enzymology
- Industrial Biotechnology
Background:
- Glucose oxidase (GOX) is a well-characterized enzyme from Aspergillus niger, known for its catalytic activity and Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status.
- Naturally produced in fungi and insects, GOX defends against microbes via hydrogen peroxide production.
- Its structure and DNA sequence are extensively documented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of glucose oxidase's natural occurrence, functions, and properties.
- To detail the diverse industrial applications of GOX, including food preservation, baking, and biosensors.
- To highlight the underutilized thermogenic property of GOX-catalyzed reactions for potential new uses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on glucose oxidase.
- Analysis of GOX's catalytic mechanism and biochemical properties.
- Compilation and description of current industrial applications and their working principles.
Main Results:
- GOX catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide, consuming oxygen.
- Established applications include food preservation, baking, wine production, gluconic acid synthesis, and glucose sensors.
- The exothermic nature of the GOX reaction (~200 kJ/mol) represents a largely unexplored characteristic.
Conclusions:
- Glucose oxidase is a versatile enzyme with established industrial significance.
- Its electrochemical properties are crucial for biosensor technology and potential fuel cell applications.
- The thermogenic aspect of GOX catalysis presents an opportunity for innovative industrial and biotechnological applications.
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