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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Pediatric angioedema.

Anita Krishnamurthy1, Stanley M Naguwa, M Eric Gershwin

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 E. Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angioedema, a skin swelling condition, arises from two main pathways: mast cell activation and the kinin pathway. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, especially in children.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Angioedema is characterized by deep skin and mucous membrane swelling due to increased vascular permeability.
  • It results from potent vasodilators released by immunologic mediators.
  • Angioedema is increasingly recognized, particularly in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of angioedema.
  • To differentiate between the mast cell and kinin pathways.
  • To inform diagnostic and treatment strategies for angioedema.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunologic and pharmacologic pathways involved in angioedema.
  • Analysis of mediator release, including histamine and bradykinin.
  • Correlation of pathways with clinical presentations, such as ACE inhibitor use and hereditary angioedema.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary pathways: mast cell-mediated (common in children, triggered by allergens, infections) and kinin pathway-mediated (linked to ACE inhibitors, hereditary forms).
  • Highlighted the role of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin in angioedema pathogenesis.
  • Emphasized the association with life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis and airway obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Angioedema pathogenesis involves distinct immunologic and pharmacologic pathways.
  • Recognizing these pathways aids in identifying triggers and guiding appropriate clinical management.
  • Further understanding of angioedema mechanisms is essential for effective patient care.