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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
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Thermodynamic interactions in double-network hydrogels.

Taiki Tominaga1, Vijay R Tirumala, Sanghun Lee

  • 1Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg Maryland, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) show enhanced mechanical strength by combining specific polymers. Favorable interactions between poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) contribute to their superior properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) combine cross-linked polyelectrolytes (PE) with linear polymers (NP).
  • DN-gels exhibit superior mechanical properties, like fracture toughness, compared to individual components.
  • The success of DN-gel preparation depends on the specific polymer pair used.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular origins of superior mechanical properties in a specific DN-gel system.
  • To elucidate the thermodynamic interactions between poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) in water.
  • To correlate polymer interactions with the structure and mechanical performance of DN-gels.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) using PAMPS and PAAm.
  • Measurement of thermodynamic interaction parameters using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS).
  • Analysis of polymer blend solutions and DN-gels to understand interactions.

Main Results:

  • PAMPS/PAAm DN-gels demonstrated compressive fracture strength approaching that of articular cartilage (~20 MPa).
  • SANS measurements revealed favorable thermodynamic interactions between PAMPS and PAAm in aqueous solutions.
  • The condition chi(PE-NP) < chi(PE-water) < chi(NP-water) was observed, indicating favorable polymer-polymer interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Favorable interactions between PAMPS and PAAm are crucial for the formation of robust DN-gel structures.
  • These favorable interactions contribute significantly to the enhanced mechanical properties of PAMPS/PAAm DN-gels.
  • The findings provide insights into designing advanced hydrogels with tunable mechanical performance.