Isolation and characterization of dental pulp stem cells from a supernumerary tooth

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were primarily derived from the pulp tissues of primary incisors and permanent third molar teeth, whereas no report to our knowledge has yet been documented on deriving DPSCs from the other tooth types. The aim of this study is to present a novel approach of harvesting stem cells from a supernumerary tooth (a mesiodens).

The pulp tissues from a mesiodens of a 20-year-old healthy male patient and the left lower deciduous canine of a healthy 10-year-old boy (the positive control) were extracted and cultured for DPSCs, which were examined with stem cells (Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1) and differentiation (Osteonectin and Nestin) markers. Furthermore, DPSCs were directionally differentiated to osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages.

Dental pulp stem cells derived from the mesiodens were capable of differentiating into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. The mesioden's DPSCs also expressed stem cell and differentiation markers, which suggested their stem cell origin and differentiation capability. All the aforementioned results for the mesiodens were consistent with those of the DPSCs derived from the positive control.

We have demonstrated the feasibility of deriving DPSCs from a usually discarded tissue such as a supernumerary tooth.