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Related Concept Videos

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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[Viral hepatitis in travellers].

Cândida Abreu1

  • 1Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospital de S João, Porto.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Travelers face significant hepatitis A, B, and E risks due to global mobility. Pre-travel advice and immunoprophylaxis are crucial for preventing travel-related viral hepatitis infections.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Viral hepatitis A, B, and E exhibit geographical disparities, with higher prevalence in developing regions.
  • Increased global travel and mobility contribute to a substantial percentage of hepatitis cases in developed countries being travel-related.
  • Outbreaks in specific zones heighten infection risks, necessitating clear identification of high-risk areas.

Purpose:

  • To review the distribution of viral hepatitis A, B, and E, focusing on travel-related risks.
  • To discuss clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and prevention strategies for viral hepatitis.
  • To provide pre-travel advice based on international and national recommendations, considering upcoming hepatitis E vaccine availability.

Summary:

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

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  • Travelers from developed nations are at considerable risk of hepatitis infection due to the asymmetric global distribution of hepatitis A, B, and E.
  • Hepatitis A and E are enteric-transmitted, while hepatitis B is parenterally transmitted; prevention and immunoprophylaxis are key.
  • The review covers clinical aspects, differential diagnosis, prevention, and pre-travel guidance, incorporating data from Portugal and international recommendations.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the underappreciated risk of travel-related viral hepatitis for international travelers.
    • Informs public health strategies and clinical practice regarding hepatitis prevention, particularly for travelers to endemic regions.
    • Emphasizes the importance of ongoing epidemiological surveillance for emerging viral hepatitis threats and outbreak control.