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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Conserved non-coding sequences and transcriptional regulation.

Uwe Strähle1, Sepand Rastegar

  • 1Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. uwe.straehle@itg.fzk.de

Brain Research Bulletin
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly conserved cis-regulatory regions in vertebrate genes like sonic hedgehog are common. However, sequence conservation does not always mean conserved function across species, challenging enhancer evolution models.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Genes encoding transcription factors and developmental regulators often contain cis-regulatory regions.
  • These regions exhibit significant sequence conservation across vertebrate species, with high identity between fish and mammals.
  • This conservation aids in discovering cis-regulatory elements but the reasons for it remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of cis-regulatory regions in key developmental genes.
  • To explore the relationship between sequence conservation and functional conservation in enhancers.
  • To summarize recent findings on the regulatory modules of sonic hedgehog and neurogenin1 genes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics to identify conserved non-coding sequences.
  • Analysis of sequence identity across vertebrate lineages.
  • Review of existing literature on enhancer evolution models.
  • Case studies focusing on sonic hedgehog and neurogenin1 regulatory elements.

Main Results:

  • Identified highly conserved cis-regulatory regions in vertebrate genes, including sonic hedgehog and neurogenin1.
  • Observed substantial sequence identity (e.g., >70%) in these regions between distantly related species like fish and mammals.
  • Data suggests that sequence conservation may not equate to functional conservation across different vertebrate groups.

Conclusions:

  • While sequence conservation is a useful marker for identifying potential cis-regulatory regions, it is not a guarantee of conserved function.
  • The evolution of enhancers may involve mechanisms where sequence identity is maintained despite functional divergence.
  • Further research is needed to understand the interplay between sequence conservation and functional evolution of regulatory elements.