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Related Concept Videos

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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Cortical Neurogenesis: Transitioning from Advances in the Laboratory to Cell-Based Therapies
12:38

Cortical Neurogenesis: Transitioning from Advances in the Laboratory to Cell-Based Therapies

Published on: July 19, 2007

Evolution of cortical neurogenesis.

Omar Abdel-Mannan1, Amanda F P Cheung, Zoltán Molnár

  • 1Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3QX, UK.

Brain Research Bulletin
|March 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian neocortex expansion, including six-layered organization and increased cognitive functions, is linked to the subventricular zone (SVZ). The SVZ

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Mammalian neocortex features six distinct layers, contrasting with the three-layered dorsal cortices of reptiles and birds.
  • Higher cognitive functions in mammals are associated with expanded cortical surface area.
  • Cortical neuron proliferation primarily occurs in the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in mammalian neocortex evolution.
  • To understand how SVZ emergence contributes to cortical expansion, cell diversity, and gyrification.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative developmental studies analyzing cortical organization and cell proliferation.
  • Review of neurogenic processes underlying changes in cortical dimensions across vertebrates.

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Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Cortical Neurogenesis: Transitioning from Advances in the Laboratory to Cell-Based Therapies
12:38

Cortical Neurogenesis: Transitioning from Advances in the Laboratory to Cell-Based Therapies

Published on: July 19, 2007

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System
10:12

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

Published on: August 9, 2017

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex
09:25

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Main Results:

  • The appearance of the SVZ correlates with the development of six cortical layers and tangential expansion in mammals.
  • Despite variations in mitotic compartments, neuron numbers per cortical column remain consistent in mammals.
  • SVZ elaboration is implicated in increased cortical cell diversity and gyrification.

Conclusions:

  • The SVZ is a key innovation driving the expansion and complexity of the mammalian neocortex.
  • Understanding SVZ neurogenesis is crucial for deciphering the evolution of higher cognitive functions.