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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Exercise-induced cholangitis and pancreatitis.

John G Touzios¹, Beth Krzywda, Attila Nakeeb

¹Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

HPB : the Official Journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association

|March 12, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heavy exercise can trigger cholangitis and pancreatitis in patients with prior biliary bypass or pancreatoduodenectomy. Avoiding strenuous activity prevents recurrence of these serious conditions.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Surgical Outcomes
Abdominal Medicine

Background:

Cholangitis and pancreatitis are linked to elevated intraductal pressure.
The sphincter of Oddi normally regulates pancreatobiliary pressures.
Post-surgical alterations (biliary bypass, pancreatoduodenectomy) can transmit intra-abdominal pressure changes to the bile ducts and pancreas.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the link between exercise and the onset of cholangitis or pancreatitis.
To document cases where physical exertion precipitated these conditions in specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

Review of patient records experiencing exercise-induced cholangitis or pancreatitis.
Inclusion criteria: patent hepatico- or pancreatojejunostomies.
Defined cholangitis (fever, abnormal liver tests) and pancreatitis (abdominal pain, elevated amylase, CT findings).

Main Results:

Twelve cholangitis episodes in 6 patients (post-hepaticojejunostomy for strictures/cysts, or pancreatoduodenectomy).
Four pancreatitis episodes in 2 patients (post-pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma/chronic pancreatitis).
No anastomotic strictures found; episodes correlated with heavy exercise, prevented by avoidance.

Conclusions:

Significant exercise can increase intra-abdominal pressure, leading to cholangitis or pancreatitis after biliary bypass or pancreatoduodenectomy.
Increased awareness and behavior modification (avoiding strenuous exercise) can prevent recurrent episodes.
This understanding helps avoid unnecessary interventions in affected patients.