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Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Ventral intermediate thalamic stimulation in complex tremor syndromes.

N J Diederich1, L Verhagen Metman, R A Bakay

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg. diederdn@pt.lu

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
|March 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamus effectively treated Holmes tremor (HT) and thalamic tremor (TT), offering sustained functional improvement for most patients with complex tremor syndromes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Investigating deep brain stimulation (DBS) efficacy for complex tremor syndromes.
  • Focusing on ventral intermediate thalamic DBS in Holmes tremor (HT) and thalamic tremor (TT).

Observation:

  • Four patients with complex tremors (2 HT, 2 TT) underwent evaluation for thalamic DBS.
  • Three patients demonstrated intraoperative improvement and received DBS implants.
  • One patient with TT showed no intraoperative benefit and did not receive an implant.

Findings:

  • Sustained beneficial effects observed in 3/4 patients post-DBS implantation, with follow-up ranging from 20 months to 7 years.
  • Significant functional improvement noted, though intentional tremor and proximal myoclonic-dystonic movements showed partial persistence.
  • One HT patient maintained benefit even after battery failure, indicating long-term therapeutic potential.

Implications:

  • Ventral intermediate thalamic DBS is a viable long-term treatment for Holmes tremor and thalamic tremor.
  • While effective, DBS may not completely suppress all components of complex movement disorders.
  • Further research may optimize DBS parameters for comprehensive tremor management.